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BET theory : ウィキペディア英語版
BET theory

Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory aims to explain the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for the measurement of the specific surface area of a material. In 1938, Stephen Brunauer, Paul Hugh Emmett, and Edward Teller published the first article about the BET theory in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. The BET theory refers to multi layer adsorption, and usually adopts non-corrosive gases (like nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, etc.) as adsorbates to determine the surface area data.
==Concept==

The concept of the theory is an extension of the Langmuir theory, which is a theory for monolayer molecular adsorption, to multilayer adsorption with the following hypotheses:
# gas molecules physically adsorb on a solid in layers infinitely;
# there is no interaction between each adsorption layer; and
# the Langmuir theory can be applied to each layer.
The resulting BET equation is
: \frac \right ) -1 \right )} = \frac \left ( \frac \right ) + \frac, \qquad (1)
where p and p_0 are the equilibrium and the saturation pressure of adsorbates at the temperature of adsorption, v is the adsorbed gas quantity (for example, in volume units), and v_\mathrm is the monolayer adsorbed gas quantity. c is the ''BET constant'',
: c = \exp\left(\frac\right), \qquad (2)
where E_1 is the heat of adsorption for the first layer, and E_\mathrm is that for the second and higher layers and is equal to the heat of liquefaction.
Equation (1) is an adsorption isotherm and can be plotted as a straight line with /) -1 )} on the y-axis and \phi=/ on the x-axis according to experimental results. This plot is called a ''BET plot''. The linear relationship of this equation is maintained only in the range of 0.05 < / < 0.35. The value of the slope A and the y-intercept I of the line are used to calculate the monolayer adsorbed gas quantity v_\mathrm and the BET constant c. The following equations can be used:
:v_m = \frac\qquad (3)
:c = 1+\frac.\qquad (4)
The BET method is widely used in surface science for the calculation of surface areas of solids by physical adsorption of gas molecules. The total surface area S_\mathrm and the specific surface area S_\mathrm are given by
:S_\mathrm = \frac, \qquad (5)
:S_\mathrm = \frac, \qquad (6)
where v_\mathrm is in units of volume which are also the units of the molar volume of the adsorbate gas,
N is Avogadro's number, s the adsorption cross section of the adsorbing species, V the molar volume of the adsorbate gas, and a the mass of the solid sample or adsorbent.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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